laporan hasil observasi lapangan ekosistem mangrove 6b

Ade Nursyamsi, Iga Mawarni, Novita Rinjani Putri, Peli Aprila Sari, Putri Gusdianty S. Lusiani, Risa Febriani Gustianti.KELOMPOK 7.

EKOSISTEM HUTAN MANGROVE

Desa Api-api Kec. Bukit Batu. Kab. Bengkalis

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM RIAU

2014

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1  Konsep Ekosistem Mangrove....................................................................... 1

1.1.1        Definisi Mangrove..................................................................................... 1

1.1.2        Distribusi Hutan Mangrove....................................................................... 4

1.1.3        Ciri-ciri Hutan Mangrove.......................................................................... 5

1.1.4        Fungsi Mangrove....................................................................................... 8

1.2  Faktor Edaphis dan Klimatologis Ekosistem Mangrove........................... 9

1.2.1        Faktor Edaphis Ekosistem Mangrove....................................................... 9

1.2.2        Faktor Klimatologis Ekosistem Mangrove................................................ 21

1.3  Jaring-Jaring Makanan Ekosistem Mangrove........................................... 28

1.3.1        Rantai Makanan........................................................................................ 28

1.3.2        Jaring-Jaring makanan............................................................................... 31

1.3.3        Hubungan Saling Bergantung antara Berbagai Komponen...................... 32

1.4  Aliran Energi dan Siklus Materi.................................................................. 34

1.4.1        Aliran Energi............................................................................................. 34

1.4.2        Siklus Biogeokimia.................................................................................... 36

BAB II PEMBAHASAN

2.1 Gambaran Umum Lokasi Penelitian Ekosistem Mangrove Sungai Api-Api            39

2.2 Keanekaragaman Hayati Ekosistem Mangrove Sungai Api-Api.............. 42

2.2.1 .... Keanekaragaman Flora............................................................................ 42

2.2.2 .... Keanekaragaman Fauna........................................................................... 48

2.3 Jaring-Jaring Makanan Ekosistem Mangrove Sungai Api-api................. 71

2.4 Interaksi Antar Tumbuhan Ekosistem Mangrove Sungai Api-api........... 79

2.4.1 .... Interaksi Antar Individu.......................................................................... 79

2.4.2..... Interaksi Antar Populasi.......................................................................... 81

2.4.3 .... Interaksi Antar Komunitas...................................................................... 82

2.5 Perubahan Ekosistem Mangrove Jika Terjadi Gangguan........................ 82

2.6 Upaya Pelestarian Hutan Mangrove........................................................... 84

2.6.1 .... Faktor Kendala dalam Pelestarian Hutan Mangrove............................... 87

2.6.2 .... Alternatif Upaya Pelestarian Hutan Mangrove....................................... 88

DAFTAR PUSTAKA......................................................................................... 90

LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1.

Lampiran 2.